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LONDON (Reuters) – European temperatures between September and November will be above average across Europe, except for the UK and parts of France and Benelux, Weather Services International (WSI) said on Monday.

Although Britain would likely see above average temperatures in September, WSI said temperatures would fall below the norm in October and November while the rest of Europe would see warmer temperatures.

“The negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been in control again this summer (and) this has resulted in lower pressures across the UK and northwestern Europe, while higher pressures and generally warm summer temperatures have been the rule elsewhere,” said WSI Chief Meteorologist Todd Crawford.

“We expect this pattern to reverse at least temporarily during the first half of autumn, with below-normal temperatures becoming more common across southern regions and above-normal temperatures becoming the norm across the UK and northern regions, (but) as we head deeper into autumn, the influence of the NAO will likely become more predominant, and a return to below-normal temperatures is likely sometime in November,” he added.

U.S.-based WSI also said an initial analysis suggested that winter temperatures similar to those of 2008-2009 – which was colder than average – might be in the offing, but that it did not expect it to be as severe as the last two winters.

For the whole of Europe, WSI predicts regional temperature anomalies as follows:

SEPTEMBER:

Nordic Region – Warmer than normal

UK – Warmer than normal

Northern Mainland – Warmer than normal

Southern Mainland – Cooler than normal, except Iberia

OCTOBER:

Nordic Region – Warmer than normal, except Denmark

UK – Cooler than normal

Northern Mainland – Cooler than normal

Southern Mainland – Cooler than normal, except Iberia

NOVEMBER:

Nordic Region – Warmer, except Norway & North Sweden

UK – Cooler than normal

Northern Mainland – Warmer, except parts of France/Benelux

Southern Mainland – Warmer than normal, except Iberia

(Reporting by Henning Gloystein; editing by James Jukwey)

SOFIA (Reuters) – Bulgaria has given investors in a trans-Balkan oil pipeline aimed at transporting Russian crude through Bulgaria to Greece more time to improve their environment plans, the environment ministry said on Monday.

The company which manages the 300-km Burgas-Alexandroupolis oil pipeline project has been given one more month by the end of September to resubmit their environment assessment impact study.

The ministry, which has already rejected three times the environment plans for the 1.0 billion euros ($1.44 billion)pipeline, will rule on the improved plans by the end of October, a ministry spokeswoman said.

This is yet another delay of the project aimed at pumping up to 50 million tonnes of Russian crude a year from the Black Sea port of Burgas to Alexandroupolis on the Aegean, bypassing congested Bosphorus Straits.

The ministry said that if the further update, expected to give more detail on how oil will be unloaded at the Burgas port, does not meet Bulgaria’s environmental requirements it will effectively block the project.

Prime Minister Boiko Borisov has repeatedly said Sofia will abandon the pipeline because it poses risks to its Black Sea coast and meets strong opposition from local residents who fear it will hurt fishing and tourism.

Russia has a 51-percent stake in the project company and Bulgaria and Greece hold 24.5 percent each.

Analysts say Bulgaria will try to distance itself from the project by having it rejected on environmental grounds thus avoiding paying hefty compensations to Greece and Russia.

($1 = 0.694 Euros)

(Reported by Tsvetelia Tsolova; editing by Keiron Henderson)

BERLIN (Reuters) – It won’t be easy to run a national railway on renewable energy like wind, hydro and solar power but that is what Germany’s Deutsche Bahn aims to do for one simple reason: it’s what consumers want.

Deutsche Bahn says it wants to raise the percentage of wind, hydro and solar energy to power its trains from 20 percent now to 28 percent in 2014 and become carbon-free by 2050.

“Consumers in Germany have made it clear they want us all to get away from nuclear energy and to more renewable energy,” Hans-Juergen Witschke, chief executive of Deutsche Bahn Energie, said of the railway’s attention-grabbing revised targets that exceed the government’s already ambitious national aims.

“It’s what customers want and we’re making it happen,” Witschke said in an interview with Reuters. “The demand for green electricity keeps rising each year and that’ll continue.”

Prevailing attitudes in Germany were already decidedly green before the Japanese Fukushima nuclear accident in March prompted a head-first dive into renewables.

The Berlin government abruptly reversed course on nuclear power, shutting eight nuclear plants and vowing to close the other nine by 2022.

That caught Deutsche Bahn — and German industry — off guard. The state-owned railways had relied heavily on nuclear energy. But now the public and industry are increasingly attuned to sustainability and what companies are doing, Witschke said.

“Environmental protection has become an important issue in the market place and especially in the transport sector,” he said. “It’s a mega trend. Even though more renewables will cost a bit more, that can be contained with an intelligent energy mix and reasonable time frame. We’re confident that cutting CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions will give us a competitive advantage.”

“GREEN-WASHING?”

There are still concerns about the reliability of renewables as their share rises toward 100 percent and before more storage capacity is available. What happens when there is no wind or sunshine?

Some transport industry analysts are skeptical.

“It sounds like a bit of ‘green-washing’,” said Stefan Kick, an analyst at Silvia Quandt Research, a Frankfurt brokerage. “Obviously costs for renewable energy are going to be higher. Yet if customers are truly willing to pay, it could make sense.”

The railway’s new push for a larger share of renewable energy to operate trains that transport 1.9 billion passengers and 415 million tonnes of freight each year has won applause from environmental groups.

They have cheered Deutsche Bahn’s partnerships with wind and hydroelectric power suppliers and its exploratory moves into harvesting solar power from the roofs of its 5,700 stations.

Photovoltaic panels in the spectacular glass roof of Berlin’s main station produce 160,000 kw/h of electricity a year — meeting about 2 percent of the Hauptbahnhof station’s needs.

Previously, environmentalists had accused the company of neglecting to develop renewables on its vast properties and because of its heavy reliance on nuclear.

Peter Ahmels, a renewable energy specialist at the German Environmental Aid Association (DUH), said the railways could have done more with wind and solar on its property holdings.

Instead, he said Deutsche Bahn had relied complacently on its image as a low-emission mode of transport.

It could do this because even high speed trains have CO2 emissions per passenger per km of 46 grams, compared with an average 140 for cars and 180 for planes.

“Since Fukushima, Deutsche Bahn has been moving in the right direction,” Ahmels said. “There’s clearly a new thinking on the board. They’re doing sensible things. Before they resisted. The argument was that renewables were not their core business.”

CARBON-FREE VISION

The railway’s high speed trains zip across the country at up to 300 kph (186 mph). By 2014 a third of the electricity for long-distance trains will come from renewable sources.

Deutsche Bahn also operates myriad local rail operations in towns and cities. Some operations, such as local railways in Hamburg and Saarland, already run on 100 percent renewable energy and proudly boast about that in advertising.

To run its trains the railways use a staggering amount of electricity every year: 12 terawatt hours. That is as much as Berlin with its 3.2 million residents consumes.

The railways alone use 2 percent of Germany’s total electricity. A single high-speed ICE train traveling from Frankfurt to Berlin uses up 4,800 kw/h, enough for a four-person family for a full year.

Germany is already a world leader in renewable energy. About 17 percent comes from renewables, up from 6 percent in 2000.

The German government aims to raise that share to 35 percent by 2020 and 80 percent by 2050. Witschke said Deutsche Bahn will have 35 or 40 percent by 2020 and 100 percent by mid-century.

“We’ve got a vision of being carbon free by 2050. That’s not just a declaration of intent. It’s a concrete business target.”

Some passengers and business partners, such as carmaker Audi, already voluntarily pay small surcharges for CO2-free transport packages that guarantee green power is used.

“The demand for our CO2-free products has been above expectations,” Witschke said. “The customers really want this. If they keep turning to the CO2-free products at this pace, we’ll be over the 40 percent mark in 2020.”

To help meet that target, Deutsche Bahn has been operating two wind parks in Brandenburg and in July signed a 1.3 billion euro deal with utility RWE to get 900 million kw/h a year from 14 hydroelectric plants — enough for 250,000 households.

Because there are still questions about the reliability of renewable energy until the storage capacities can be increased, Witschke said he carefully tracks the wind parks to learn more.

“It’s a learning process,” he said. “We face the same issue as everyone: what do you do when there’s no wind? The experience we’ve is that too much wind (when turbines are turned off) is more of a problem than not enough.”

The hydroelectric deal with RWE runs for 15 years and will supply the railways with about eight percent of its needs.

“It does have quite a symbolic impact when the country’s largest electricity user takes such a big step into regenerative energy,” Witschke said. “We’re also one of the biggest electricity users anywhere in Europe. It’s not going unnoticed.”

(Editing by Anthony Barker)

YAMADAMACHI/TOKYO (Reuters) – Sakari Minato has fixed up his house just enough for his family to move back in. The walls still have holes, the windows are temporarily sealed. You can still see the water marks on the outside of the home left by the March 11 tsunami that roared into this northeastern coastal fishing town at the speed of a freight train and bulldozed everything in its path.

Minato doesn’t know whether to spend the $100,000 needed to completely restore the house or move the family to higher ground away from the ocean. He still doesn’t know whether the government will declare his part of town by the coast an uninhabitable tsunami zone.

Five months after Japan’s worst disaster in generations left more than 20,000 dead or missing, entire communities along the country’s northeastern coast face a similar dilemma. They have cleaned up much of the rubble and mud, fixed up roads and restored power. Tokyo and local governments, however, have yet to come up with detailed plans and money needed to start the actual rebuilding.

Every day of delay brings more agony for hundreds of thousands of survivors who cannot move on with their lives and makes it increasingly unlikely the economy will get a powerful jolt from the rebuilding effort any time soon.

“Even if I get the house fixed, it could be the case that the national government ends up buying this area in two years because it’s a tsunami-flooded district,” said Minato, a 48-year-old auto dealer. “So we stopped fixing the house for now since it’s good enough to live in.”

His family barely escaped the deadly waves and a fire that wiped out most houses in his neighborhood in Yamadamachi, a fishing town about 470 km northeast of Tokyo which lost nearly 800 of its 19,400 residents.

When the disaster struck on March 11 government planners, economists and aid agencies looked back 16 years when a magnitude 7.3 earthquake hit Kobe killing 6,400. The conclusion was that the triple blow of a magnitude 9.0 earthquake, a tsunami that reached heights of 15 meters (50 feet), and a nuclear plant meltdown crisis, eclipsed anything Japan had experienced in the past half a century.

Yet Tokyo was expected to crank out a hefty emergency budget by August, allowing rebuilding to start in earnest in the second half of the year. Even as that timetable slipped, the government remained optimistic that reconstruction would kick in by the final quarter of this year.

WISHFUL THINKING

Today this looks like wishful thinking and reasons can be found both on Japan’s northeastern Pacific coast and in Kasumigaseki, Tokyo’s government district.

“Reconstruction would be a big boost to the economy … But full-fledged rebuilding may need to wait until next year,” said Takashi Onishi, professor of city and regional planning at the University of Tokyo.

Onishi sat on the government’s advisory panel on reconstruction and is helping the fishing towns of Kamaishi and Kesennuma in their reconstruction planning.

Japan’s steel industry initially counted on reconstruction to boost demand by 3-4 million tonnes over the next three years, but analysts have slashed their forecasts for next year and beyond by as much as half.

About half of the estimated 22.6 million tonnes of rubble the tsunami left behind has been cleared and the government aims to remove most of the debris from residential areas by the end of this month.

But out of nearly half a million people displaced by the disaster, 84,000 remain in evacuation centers, temporary housing or with relatives or friends. They will not move on until local authorities decide what they want to rebuild and what to move out of the danger zone. Once that is decided, Tokyo will draw up a national plan and allocate funds.

“How much will the government help? Or big firms and reconstruction funds? We are reliant on them and the question is where is the money,” said Katsutoshi Tomiyama, 70. His jazz café in the picturesque fishing town of Rikuzentakata was swept away and he hopes to reopen it in neighboring Ofunato, where he lives in temporary housing.

Officials in Tokyo point the finger up north and vent their frustration with how slowly requests from local communities are trickling in. Some local officials admit they are overwhelmed by the enormity of the task.

“Honestly speaking, this is the first experience for us as well and we are now fumbling our way to figure out what and how to move forward,” said one official at a coastal town in Iwate prefecture. The town hopes to have a final reconstruction plan ready by the end of the year.

Similarly in Rikuzentakata, where nearly 1,800 of its 24,250 residents are dead or still missing, officials aim to prepare a plan in November hoping to get money from the regular budget for the next fiscal year starting in April 2012 rather than this year’s emergency allotments.

That means that the bulk of the spending may be pushed back well into next year.

“The national government has revealed a basic plan, but the details are not out yet,” city official Takeo Banno said.

The relocation of homes to safe areas, which is one of the focal points of the rebuilding, could take several years.

“In three to five years, large-scale relocation of houses is likely to make headway,” says Shogo Tsugawa, a senior government official in charge of rebuilding of Iwate prefecture.

RE-THINKING AND REBUILDING

To be fair, those dealing with the aftermath of March 11 face a task like none before and Prime Minister Naoto Kan was not exaggerating when he said Japan faced its biggest crisis since World War Two.

Rebuilding what was damaged the way it was done after Kobe is not an option. Even before the disaster struck the Tohoku region was in trouble.

Its fragmented fishing industry was struggling to stay afloat, agriculture dominated by small-plot farmers well past retirement age and its working population was shrinking at the fastest rate in all of aging Japan, having fallen more than 8 percent in the past 15 years.

“We need to avoid just doing the recovery job to pre-quake conditions,” said Ryutaro Kono, chief economist at BNP Paribas, who sat on the reconstruction panel.

Among the proposals are consolidating the fishing business, giving tax breaks for investors and creating special economic zones. They also include relocating homes to more elevated areas and rebuilding ports and other tsunami-ravaged facilities.

Aside from the sheer complexity of the challenge is the slow grind of the political process.

The deeply unpopular and increasingly isolated Kan has struggled to pull together his divided party and get any sort of cooperation from an openly hostile opposition that controls the upper house of parliament.

It took two months to get the first $50 billion batch of emergency spending out and another two to sign off on the next $25 billion installment, both earmarked for the initial relief, clean-up and temporary housing.

More than five months after the catastrophe the main spending plan worth up to 13 trillion yen has yet to take shape and no clarity on how it will be financed.

With Kan on his way out, it is anyone’s guess when the “big budget” will be ready.

“Government agencies need to work on the extra budget and next year’s budget at the same time but there are limitations in terms of manpower,” one finance ministry official said.

TIMING MATTERS

In contrast to exasperated residents, financial markets have been sanguine about signs of slippage in reconstruction timetable. Those who are now rethinking their growth assumptions beyond this quarter are more concerned about the strength of the yen and clouds gathering over the global economy.

Some economists say their colleagues may be too complacent and point out that while rebuilding spending will come sooner or later, the timing matters too.

Up to now, the base scenario has been that the serious money will start pouring in the final quarter of this year and early in 2012. That would boost sectors such as construction, steel and machinery at a critical time when the global economy may hit a soft patch and the upswing driven by companies restoring supply chains will have run its course.

Now the risk is the big rebuilding effort will not come in time to act as a cushion.

“Come the winter, seasonal factors may further delay construction projects,” said Hideo Kumano, chief economist at Dai-ichi Life Research Institute.

“From October-December and beyond, the economy is likely to show visible impact from the yen’s strength and if there is no lift from reconstruction, the economy’s rebound is likely to peter out in the fourth quarter,” Kumano says.

While the economy may still get a reprieve if Japan’s main export markets recover, those living in the belt of destruction on the coast can only wait or leave.

Hiroki Haga, 63, whose newspaper delivery service in the coastal town of Otsuchicho was washed away by the tsunami, says the risk is that young people will pack up and look for work elsewhere.

“The basics of how the town should be rebuilt are not ready. Our mayor died. No one can do anything.”

(Additional reporting by Yuko Takeo; Writing by Yoko Kubota, Rie Ishiguro and Tomasz Janowski; Editing by Bill Tarrant)

On June 21, Maryland became the first state to require high school students to learn about the environment in order to graduate. Now, U.S. senators are trying to get a similar measure passed nationally.

The bill has the support of more than 1,900 organizations, including businesses, nonprofits, and environmental groups. The No Child Left Inside Coalition says environmental education "promotes higher order thinking skills" and is correlated with higher test scores.

Maryland Gov. Martin O’Malley said in a statement that the new law is a "defining moment for education in Maryland." The law requires each school to implement a multi-disciplinary environmental education program, with a specific focus on the state’s natural resources. Every high school student will be required to participate in the program in order to graduate.

[Read about fun ways for high school students to learn over the summer.]

"The Board of Education is ensuring that our young people graduate with a keen understanding of and connection to the natural world," O’Malley said in a statement. "Only through exposure to nature and education about our fragile ecosystem can we create the next generation of stewards."

A spokesperson for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says the law is a step forward. "Environmental education is key in developing an environmentally literate citizenry that will make informed decisions to protect their health and the environment," the spokesperson said in an E-mail. "These programs help to broaden the scope of environmental education activities beyond the classroom. It’s a win-win for all involved."

The bill recently introduced in the Senate would provide funding for states to create outdoor, educational activity programs, train teachers, and form state-specific environmental literacy plans. Lawmakers say they hope to write the bill into a revised version of the No Child Left Behind Act, which, to date, is the most comprehensive public school law in the country. Similar bills were introduced in both the House and Senate in 2009, but both died after being referred to committees.

Not everyone believes the Maryland environmental literacy law is good for the state. Maryland State Senator J.B. Jennings told Fox News that the law is vague and that time spent teaching environmental classes could be better spent in other subject areas. "They will have to make room for this by pushing other things out of the curriculum," he said.

See how your school stacks up in our rankings of Best High Schools. Have something of interest to share? Send your news to us at highschoolnotes@usnews.com.

Jessica Margolis-Pineo had an acceptance letter in hand and was ready to attend Montreal’s McGill University in the fall of 2003. However, while embarking on a backpacking trip in Europe after graduating from high school, she couldn’t shake the feeling that she’d be missing out on something if she didn’t spend more time overseas. She picked up the phone and called McGill, where school officials were willing to defer her admission until the next year. 

Margolis-Pineo spent the next year working as an au pair in Ireland and England, caring for children during the week and traveling to countries like France and Spain on the weekends. "It was a wonderful experience," she says. "It also allowed me to enjoy my year to the fullest without worrying about the college application process from abroad, which would have been a nightmare." 

Margolis-Pineo’s story may have been unique several years ago, but now a growing number of students are taking a gap year between high school and college, according to gap year organizations. Often, they are using that time to travel abroad where they volunteer, study a new language, work—or, usually, a little of each. But the true purpose of the break, gap year organizers say, is to allow high school graduates to learn more about what truly interests them and to discover themselves before they enter college, choose a major, and embark on a career path. 

[Ask yourself these questions when considering a gap year.] 

"It seems to me a really irresponsible thing to send kids off to school and invest a quarter million dollars in their education before they have a clue what they were doing," says Sam Bull, a longtime gap year counselor and executive director of LEAPNOW, a gap year abroad program. "They have no sense of who they are, and sitting in a classroom hasn’t conferred that upon them. They simply want to know about themselves and the world before having to choose a major that will have something to do with their adult life." 

And students involved indicate that’s exactly what they’ve found. Kyle O’Brien, who took part in a LEAPNOW program in the 2007-08 academic year, visited Central America and Madagascar, scuba dived, and climbed a volcano—but more importantly, he says, he learned more about himself and what drives him. 

Students interested in taking a year to study abroad, but who don’t know where to look, can take advantage of myriad international gap year programs offered by organizations like Thinking Beyond Borders and the Council on International Educational Exchange. USA Gap Year Fairs also presents dozens of gap year programs at 30 fair stops nationwide, letting students meet organizers face-to-face and find a program that best fits them. 

"If you’re looking to gain global perspective, add an international aspect to your education, gain self-knowledge, explore new cultures, become a responsible global citizen, and develop language abilities—all before you start your college career—then a gap year program is right for you," says Steve Amendo, strategic marketing manager for the Council on International Educational Exchange. 

However, academic experts note that students who don’t frequently read or work to learn a new language might suffer a bit of learning loss—akin to what most students experience during the summer—that can be a slight hindrance when they begin college. Some also warn that gap years, especially those taken abroad, can be prohibitively expensive. Without help from parents, the cost of travel alone can drain the funds that high schoolers have saved up for their trip, therefore requiring them to work to pay for living expenses—which can be taxing when coupled with pro bono volunteer work. 

Gap year programs that include some meals and accommodations aren’t necessarily a cheaper alternative. A gap year to Australia or New Zealand through the group Real Gap Experience, for instance, costs nearly $7,000 up front before factoring in typical daily expenses. 

[Learn about another international gap year program.] 

When you’re working on your medical school applications, you want to do everything you can to make them perfect. However, there’s a good chance that you are not perfect and that you have some blemishes in your background. Although medical school applications are standardized and don’t necessarily allow for a lot of exposition beyond the standard questions, there is one area where you do have the ability to mix in some additional information about your background: the addendum.

Submitting an addendum is entirely optional. Yes, many applicants do submit them, but it is often out of necessity—they submit an addendum because they need to explain something in their background. If there is nothing in your application that calls for additional explanation, then there is no need for an addendum. Definitely don’t create one simply to have one!

[See U.S. News's rankings of Best Medical Schools.]

Having said that, there are certainly instances in which you will want to submit an addendum. Here are three good reasons to go the extra mile and include an addendum with your application:

1. Poor academic performance in college: If you have ever been placed on academic probation or your transcript shows a severe dip in your grades at one point, then you should explain what happened. Particularly if there’s a reasonable explanation, such as a personal tragedy or some other event outside of the classroom that affected your academics, this is the perfect opportunity to set the record straight.

However, even if you don’t have a good reason for the dip in your performance, you will still need to acknowledge the weakness. In this case, your mission is to briefly convince the admissions committee that you have the smarts, discipline, and dedication to guarantee that it won’t happen again.

[Learn why you shouldn't apply to medical school without a purpose.]

2. A brush with the law: If you have any sort of criminal mark on your record or were dishonorably discharged from the military, you will need to address it here. In the short space that the addendum allows, you should quickly explain what happened and then highlight what you learned and how you have grown since then.

You may be tempted to leave this out of your application, but you can safely assume that the school will conduct a background check and will find any blemishes on your record. It is far better for the school to hear about it from you than from someone else.

[See the 10 most popular medical schools.]

3. Accounting for other gaps in your application: The last reason you may want to include an addendum is if you took time off from college, or if you have been out of college for a couple of years and don’t have a tidy story about what you have been doing in the meantime. It is far better to be proactive about this than to hope that the school won’t notice a gap in your background. Address it, explain what you did in that time (even if it was not amazing, groundbreaking work), and leave it at that.

Remember that the addendum is short—no more than two to three paragraphs—so you will need to focus on one thing and get right to the point when addressing it. Admissions officers are generally a reasonable lot and are willing to hear you out, so you don’t need to devote too many words to begging and pleading.

When in doubt, give them what they need to fill in any holes or answer any questions that they may have. This is a much better strategy than leaving admissions officers to guess about what kind of applicant you are!

Scott Shrum is director of admissions research at Veritas Prep.

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